We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Desk 4 Association ranging from dowry/bride to be price (repaid because of the in the-legislation away from sisters, anybody else on the community and you can people) and wife’s updates from the marital house (OLS)
cuatro.step 3 Discussion and you may robustness inspections
Into the determining the fresh ladies’ reputation on relationship house, the effect of net dowry (dowry minus bride to snap the link right now be rate) can get matter. Observe that the level of deferred mehr is included independently of the web based dowry while the previous has never been reduced until divorce proceedings occurs and cannot be considered property produced towards the wedding. The outcomes advise that this new possessions lead on ount) promote their particular decision-and come up with power and independence. Such confident relationships are not surprising due to the fact the new relationships away from bride-to-be rate paid down during matrimony manage prevent so you can that from dowry in the main estimations.
Maybe, an elevated decades otherwise studies change you will weaken the new wife’s reputation about relationship home. Also age differences plus knowledge variation (replacement the new partner’s ages and you can studies) will not change the chief effects, while the coefficients of them parameters commonly high (Appendix Desk 9, Panel B).
The newest estimate processes was regular of the replacement dowry and you will bride to be price that have online dowry (Appendix Table 9, Panel An excellent)
One might argue that how many many years just like the matrimony try important because the effect of dowry (otherwise fiance price) might possibly be higher after wedding. Along with many years as ount from dowry (substitution female’s decades at relationships) magnifies the base effectation of dowry inside ladies freedom however, decrease its magnitude as well as the value peak during the ladies decision making (Appendix Desk nine, Panel C). This implies one more substantial dowry boosts the wife’s independency in the newest marital domestic just after relationship; yet not, the fresh organization is not notably affected by the brand new passing of age once the marriage.
No way of measuring gender ideology is roofed in the main estimate on account of endogeneity questions. That you will argue that addition of these procedures may weaken the latest relationship anywhere between dowry and you can women’s condition on the marital house. Although we you should never refute the chance that tastes and you may ideological viewpoints towards gender relationships aren’t built-in and change along side marital existence, the brand new estimate process was constant by the including a couple strategies having young buck preference: the initial varying equals one if wife’s best number of sons was greater than compared to daughters as well as the second means one in the event the partner would like to promote higher education so you’re able to sons in lieu of in order to daughters. Handling getting gender ideology cannot dramatically affect the main estimation performance (Appendix Desk 9, Committee D). Surprisingly, ladies decision-making is certainly regarding the young buck preference. not, it is negatively in the liking to own bringing advanced schooling to help you sons as compared with daughters. A potential translation would be the fact extremely experienced women tends to be against gender inequality during the studies and become a lot more empowered throughout the marital domestic however, like having a great deal more sons than simply daughters. It seems in line with some current knowledge exhibiting one child liking is more commonplace certainly extremely experienced feminine unlike ignorant feminine in the South China (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you may Preston 1991).
